Informal assessments include observations, reports from supervisors, work history, interviews with the customer.

• A. Observations
• B. Reports from supervisors
• C. Work history
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Informal assessments rely on real-world, nonstandardized information gathering to understand a person’s performance, needs, and abilities. The items listed all fit this approach: observations capture how someone behaves and performs tasks in actual work situations; reports from supervisors provide outside, practical feedback based on day-to-day performance over time; work history shows past roles, responsibilities, and outcomes that reveal patterns of skills and reliability; and interviews with the customer give direct insights into experiences, preferences, barriers, and goals. None of these rely on formal, standardized testing with fixed scoring, so they reflect flexible, qualitative data used to form a holistic view. Because each contributes valuable, nontraditional evidence, all of the above are informal assessment methods.